HKU professor apologizes after PhD student’s AI-assisted paper cites fabricated sources.
Updated
January 8, 2026 6:33 PM
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The University of Hong Kong in Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong Island. PHOTO: ADOBE STOCK
It’s no surprise that artificial intelligence, while remarkably capable, can also go astray—spinning convincing but entirely fabricated narratives. From politics to academia, AI’s “hallucinations” have repeatedly shown how powerful technology can go off-script when left unchecked.
Take Grok-2, for instance. In July 2024, the chatbot misled users about ballot deadlines in several U.S. states, just days after President Joe Biden dropped his re-election bid against former President Donald Trump. A year earlier, a U.S. lawyer found himself in court for relying on ChatGPT to draft a legal brief—only to discover that the AI tool had invented entire cases, citations and judicial opinions. And now, the academic world has its own cautionary tale.
Recently, a journal paper from the Department of Social Work and Social Administration at the University of Hong Kong was found to contain fabricated citations—sources apparently created by AI. The paper, titled “Forty Years of Fertility Transition in Hong Kong,” analyzed the decline in Hong Kong’s fertility rate over the past four decades. Authored by doctoral student Yiming Bai, along with Yip Siu-fai, Vice Dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences and other university officials, the study identified falling marriage rates as a key driver behind the city’s shrinking birth rate. The authors recommended structural reforms to make Hong Kong’s social and work environment more family-friendly.
But the credibility of the paper came into question when inconsistencies surfaced among its references. Out of 61 cited works, some included DOI (Digital Object Identifier) links that led to dead ends, displaying “DOI Not Found.” Others claimed to originate from academic journals, yet searches yielded no such publications.
Speaking to HK01, Yip acknowledged that his student had used AI tools to organize the citations but failed to verify the accuracy of the generated references. “As the corresponding author, I bear responsibility”, Yip said, apologizing for the damage caused to the University of Hong Kong and the journal’s reputation. He clarified that the paper itself had undergone two rounds of verification and that its content was not fabricated—only the citations had been mishandled.
Yip has since contacted the journal’s editor, who accepted his explanation and agreed to re-upload a corrected version in the coming days. A formal notice addressing the issue will also be released. Yip said he would personally review each citation “piece by piece” to ensure no errors remain.
As for the student involved, Yip described her as a diligent and high-performing researcher who made an honest mistake in her first attempt at using AI for academic assistance. Rather than penalize her, Yip chose a more constructive approach, urging her to take a course on how to use AI tools responsibly in academic research.
Ultimately, in an age where generative AI can produce everything from essays to legal arguments, there are two lessons to take away from this episode. First, AI is a powerful assistant, but only that. The final judgment must always rest with us. No matter how seamless the output seems, cross-checking and verifying information remain essential. Second, as AI becomes integral to academic and professional life, institutions must equip students and employees with the skills to use it responsibly. Training and mentorship are no longer optional; they’re the foundation for using AI to enhance, not undermine, human work.
Because in this age of intelligent machines, staying relevant isn’t about replacing human judgment with AI, it’s about learning how to work alongside it.
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Connecting Chinese innovation with global markets through capital, collaboration and real-world deployment opportunities
Updated
March 30, 2026 2:29 PM
A Train Of Hong Kong's Mass Transit Railway (MTR) Metro System at Sunny Bay. PHOTO: ADOBE STOCK
As global tech ecosystems become more interconnected, the ability to move innovation across borders is becoming just as important as building it. A new partnership between MTR Lab, the investment arm of MTR Corporation and ZGC Science City Ltd, a government-backed technology ecosystem based in Beijing’s Haidian district, reflects this shift.
At its core, the collaboration is designed to connect high-potential Chinese startups with global capital, real-world deployment opportunities and international markets. It focuses on sectors like AI, robotics, smart mobility and sustainable urban development—areas where China already has strong technical depth but where scaling beyond domestic markets can be more complex.
This is where the partnership begins to matter. ZGC Science City sits at the center of one of China’s most concentrated innovation clusters, with thousands of AI companies and a growing base of specialised and high-growth firms. MTR Lab, on the other hand, brings access to international markets, industry networks and practical deployment environments tied to infrastructure, transport and urban systems. Together, they are attempting to bridge a familiar gap: turning local innovation into globally relevant products.
In practice, the model is straightforward. ZGC Science City will introduce MTR Lab to startups working in priority sectors, creating a pipeline for potential investment and collaboration. From there, MTR Lab can support these companies through funding, pilot projects and access to overseas markets. The idea is not just to invest, but to help startups test and apply their technologies in real-world settings, particularly in complex urban environments.
The timing is notable. China’s AI and deep tech ecosystem has expanded rapidly, with thousands of companies contributing to advancements in automation, smart infrastructure and sustainability. At the same time, global demand for these technologies is rising, especially as cities look for more efficient and scalable solutions. Yet, moving from innovation to adoption often requires cross-border coordination—something individual startups may struggle to navigate alone.
This partnership also builds on a broader pattern. Corporate venture arms like MTR Lab are increasingly positioning themselves not just as investors, but as connectors between markets. By combining capital with access to infrastructure and deployment scenarios, they offer startups a way to move faster from development to real-world use. For ZGC Science City, the collaboration adds an international layer to its ecosystem, helping local companies extend beyond domestic growth.
What emerges is a model that goes beyond a typical investment announcement. It reflects a growing recognition that innovation today is rarely confined to one geography. Technologies may be developed in one ecosystem, refined in another and scaled globally through partnerships like this.
As cross-border collaboration becomes more central to how startups grow, partnerships like the one between MTR Lab and ZGC Science City point to a more connected innovation landscape—one where access, not just invention, defines success.