A new AI model replaces months of simulation with near-instant predictions, changing how spacecraft operations are prepared
Updated
April 24, 2026 10:53 AM
Northrop Grumman Stargaze serves as the mother ship for the Pegasus, an air-launched orbital rocket. PHOTO: UNSPLASH
Flexcompute, a startup that builds software to simulate real-world physics, is working with Northrop Grumman to change how space missions are prepared. Together, they have developed an AI-based system that can predict how spacecraft respond during critical manoeuvres such as docking—when one spacecraft moves in and connects with another in orbit. These steps have traditionally taken months of preparation.
At the centre of this work is a long-standing problem in space operations. When a spacecraft fires its thrusters, the exhaust plume interacts with nearby surfaces. These interactions can affect movement, temperature and stability. Because these effects are difficult to test in real conditions, engineers have relied on large volumes of computer simulations to estimate outcomes before a mission. That process is slow and resource-intensive.
The new system replaces much of that workflow with a trained AI model. Instead of running millions of simulations, the model learns patterns from physics-based data and can make predictions in seconds. It also provides a measure of uncertainty, which helps engineers understand how reliable those predictions are when making decisions.
"At Northrop Grumman, we're pioneering physics AI to accelerate design and solve complex simulation and modelling problems like plume impingement—critical for station keeping, rendezvous and space robotics. Simply put: we're pushing the boundaries of advanced space operations", said Fahad Khan, Director of AI Foundations at Northrop Grumman. "Partnering with Flexcompute and NVIDIA, we're accelerating innovation and mission timelines to deliver superior space capabilities for customers at the speed they need".
The system is built using technology from NVIDIA, which provides the computing framework behind the model. Flexcompute has adapted it to handle the specific challenges of spaceflight, including how gases expand and interact in a vacuum. The result is a tool that can simulate complex scenarios much faster while maintaining the level of accuracy needed for mission planning.
By shortening preparation time, the model changes how engineers approach spacecraft design and operations. Faster predictions mean teams can test more scenarios and adjust plans more quickly. It also helps improve fuel use and extend the lifespan of spacecraft.
"Northrop Grumman's confidence reflects what sets Flexcompute apart", said Vera Yang, President and Co-Founder of Flexcompute. "We are able to take the most accurate and scalable physics foundations and evolve them into highly trained, customized Physics AI solutions that engineers can rely on. This work shows how we are transforming the role of simulation, not just speeding it up, but expanding what engineers can confidently solve and how quickly they can act".
The collaboration points to a broader shift in how engineering problems are being handled. Instead of relying only on detailed simulations that take time to run, companies are beginning to use AI systems that can approximate those results quickly while still reflecting the underlying physics.
"The industry's most ambitious space missions now demand a level of speed and precision that traditional engineering cycles can no longer sustain", said Tim Costa, vice president and general manager of computational engineering at NVIDIA. "By integrating NVIDIA PhysicsNeMo, Northrop Grumman and Flexcompute are transforming complex simulations like plume impingement from days of compute into seconds of insight, drastically accelerating the path from mission concept to orbit".
What emerges from this work is a shift in how missions are prepared. When prediction cycles move from months to seconds, testing and decision-making can happen faster. For space operations, where timing and precision are closely linked, that change could reshape how systems are built and run.
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Because running a café takes more than just a good roast
Updated
April 13, 2026 3:18 PM
A cup of espresso being brewed. PHOTO: UNSPLASH
Coffee has grown beyond being just a drink—it’s part of culture, connection and even a daily productivity hack. Think about it: friends catch up over cappuccinos, professionals start the day with a quick espresso and students practically live on iced lattes during exams. It’s woven into routines, with two-thirds of American adults consuming coffee on a daily basis and averaging around three cups per day. That is much higher than other beverages like tea, juice and bottled water. It is therefore no surprise that the global coffee shop industry is projected to reach about US$123.43 billion by 2030. For entrepreneurs, that makes coffee shops more than cozy corners with good aesthetics. They’re a real business opportunity. But before you open a coffee shop, here are five things you should know.
Like any small business, the success of your coffee shop often hinges on where it is. Coffee may have broad appeal, but daytime foot traffic and visibility can still make the difference between a busy café and one that struggles to stay afloat. Opening near universities, office parks, co-working hubs or residential neighbourhoods with young professionals can instantly give you a strong stream of potential customers.
That said, choosing a coffee shop location is not just about picking a busy area. You also need to know your target market. For example, opening a third-wave specialty coffee shop in a low-income neighbourhood may not work if your prices are beyond what local residents want to pay. The same café might perform much better in a more affluent or fast-changing district.
Competition matters a lot in the equation too. Walk around the area and see what other coffee shops are doing. The goal is not always to avoid competition but to find a gap in the market. If nearby cafés focus on quick grab-and-go drinks, there may be room for a slower, more community-driven coffee shop built around hand-poured brews and a relaxed atmosphere. Simply put, your shop’s exact street address could make or break your business.
It’s important to understand this early on: running a coffee shop is not just about serving coffee. Customers today have endless options, from making coffee at home to buying from major chains like Starbucks. What brings them through your doors is often the overall experience.
According to a report by Salesforce, 91% of customers say they’re more likely to make another purchase after a great service experience. That means your café needs to give people a reason to stay, come back and recommend it to others. Maybe it is the interior design, the playlist that feels just right, the reliable Wi-Fi, the convenient charging points or simply the way the space feels. Remember, good coffee gets people in once, but a strong customer experience gives them a reason to return.
Opening a modest-sized sit-down café in the U.S. can cost anywhere between US$100,000 and US$350,000. The final number depends on your location, your coffee shop concept, your equipment and how much you spend on the fit-out and interior design. Beyond those startup costs, your monthly expenses—like rent, utilities, staff salaries and coffee bean purchases—will play a huge role in whether your business survives the first year.
Profit margins in coffee retail are thinner than new owners expect. On average, small to medium-sized coffee shops make a 3-10% profit margin, which means efficiency is key. Selling higher-margin items like snacks, light bites and pastries can help lift revenue. A US$2 slice of banana bread, for example, may cost cents to make but can still raise the average spend per customer.
You also need to factor in seasonality when planning your coffee shop revenue. For instance, in warmer months, there is usually higher demand for iced and cold beverages. Many cafés respond by introducing cold brew, iced teas, smoothies or limited seasonal drinks to their menus. That helps keep sales steady and protects the average ticket size throughout the year. At the end of the day, running a café is just as much about managing the numbers as it is about serving great coffee.
A barista isn’t just someone pulling espresso shots; they’re often the face of your coffee shop. A warm smile, remembering a regular’s order or sharing a fun fact about the beans can create the kind of connection that keeps customers coming back.
As specialty coffee culture boomed in the early 2010s, baristas became more than brewers—they are now guides and storytellers. By talking about coffee origin, processing methods, bean varieties and roast profiles, they help customers understand what they are buying and why it matters. That mix of knowledge and personality can have a real impact on customer loyalty.
That’s why hiring and retaining great baristas is one of the smartest investments a café owner can make. Beyond competitive pay, creating a workplace where people feel valued also matters. Training, room for creativity and a sense of pride in the craft can go a long way in helping staff stay engaged.
Opening a coffee shop is exciting, but opening the doors and hoping people walk in is not enough. Good coffee shop marketing today is less about spending big and more about telling a story people want to follow. Well before you launch, start building hype and share behind-the-scenes snippets on Instagram, whether that is taste-tests, design decisions or even the messy parts of setting up the space. That kind of content feels real and helps build anticipation.
Once your café is open, think beyond basic promotion. Loyalty programs, collaborations with local businesses or even hosting events like poetry nights, art exhibits or coffee cupping sessions can all help bring people in. Social media is useful here too; it is not only a place to post latte art but also where you show what your brand stands for. Do you focus on sustainability? Do you source coffee ethically? Do you support local artists? Those details humanize your brand and make your café more than just a pitstop for caffeine.
Overall, opening a coffee shop blends passion, community and entrepreneurship. It also requires clear thinking and strong business decisions. From choosing the right location and creating a memorable customer experience to managing costs and building a great team, success takes more than just brewing good coffee. If you treat your coffee shop as both a craft and a business, you give it a much better chance of becoming a local favourite.