The Canberra biotech startup is helping processors detect spoilage risks before milk reaches the shelf.
Updated
August 13, 2026 1:01 AM
CYBERTONGUE® Food Testing System, developed by PPB Technology. IMAGE: PPB Technology
Anyone who has opened a carton of milk before its expiry date only to find that it smells off or tastes bitter has experienced the problem firsthand. For dairy processors, the same issue can play out across thousands of litres. Milk may pass routine quality checks, make it through production and still spoil before reaching the end of its expected shelf life.
CYBERTONGUE®, a biosensing platform, is designed to give dairy processors an earlier warning.
Developed by Canberra-based biotech startup PPB Technology, the compact food testing system allows processors to analyse milk on-site and receive results within minutes. Its first commercial application detects protease, an enzyme linked to spoilage, shorter shelf life and production losses across dairy products.
Dairy companies already test milk for fat, protein, bacteria, antibiotics and other indicators. Samples from individual farms may be sent to central laboratories, while tanker loads are tested again when they reach processing plants. These checks provide useful information, but they do not always show whether milk will remain stable in a UHT carton, meet a supermarket’s shelf-life requirements or produce the expected amount of cheese.
Even after heat treatment, protease can continue affecting milk. For processors making UHT milk, fresh milk or mature cheese, that creates a costly blind spot.
“Right now, dairy processors are working blind on this,” PPB Technology founder Stephen Trowell told Ventureport. “It’s becoming more of a problem as customers expect longer shelf lives and higher quality.”
CYBERTONGUE® uses engineered biosensing proteins that emit blue and green light. The balance between the two colours changes when the protein reacts with a target substance. The reader measures that shift and calculates how much of the target is present.
Trowell describes himself as a protein engineer at heart. He spent around three decades at CSIRO, Australia's national science and technology agency, and close to four decades in research before becoming a startup founder. The technology behind CYBERTONGUE® grew out of years of biological research, including earlier experiments involving wine aromas and explosives detection.
PPB initially developed its technology to measure plasmin, an enzyme derived from cows. After feedback from the dairy industry, the company shifted its focus to bacterial proteases, which were identified as a more pressing spoilage problem. The platform can make some existing tests faster, but PPB chose to focus first on a measurement previously unavailable to processors.
“Where we’ve chosen to lead is with a measurement nobody else can do at all,” he said. “The blue ocean, if you like.”
That focused entry point shapes PPB’s wider strategy. CYBERTONGUE® could eventually test for lactose, allergens, microbial toxins and other targets. Yet launching everything at once would stretch a six-person company too far. Protease gives it a clear route into dairy, where the financial value is easier to demonstrate.
A processor that detects high protease activity may redirect a batch of milk away from long-life products and use it for yoghurt, curd or another product where the enzyme causes less damage. PPB also says its tests can help trace problems in the milk supply and detect biofilms on processing equipment, allowing factories to take corrective cleaning measures.
Fresh milk presents another sizeable opportunity, with the global market estimated at around US$81 billion in 2026 and projected to grow at 6.83% annually through 2035. At that scale, even small gains in shelf-life consistency could prevent substantial losses. Supermarkets often require milk to have a minimum amount of shelf life remaining on delivery. Products that fall short may be rejected, discounted or discarded at the processor’s expense. While Australian processors typically aim for a shelf life of 19 to 21 days, they do not always achieve it. CYBERTONGUE® could help them reach that target more consistently.
Cheese producers face a related issue. Protease can create bitter flavours in hard cheeses and reduce production yield. Cheesemakers add another enzyme, chymosin, during production, often without knowing how much protease activity is already present in the milk. Better information could help them adjust the process and get more value from the same raw material.
PPB sells the reader as laboratory equipment, but its long-term business model centres on repeat testing. Customers buy the machine, then purchase a PPB reagent cartridge each time they run an assay. Future tests are intended to work on the same reader, making the system more useful as the catalogue expands.
CYBERTONGUE®’s compact design reflects PPB’s focus on practical onsite testing. The device is small enough to fit into two cupped hands and comes with a tablet running PPB’s software.
At the time of the interview, 13 to 15 systems had been installed with paying customers. PPB had made sales in 11 countries across five continents, with Europe as its largest market.
Trowell describes PPB as “born global”. While Australia and New Zealand have sophisticated dairy industries, Trowell thinks CYBERTONGUE® may offer even more value in regions where milk quality is less consistent, transport routes are longer or refrigeration is harder to maintain.
Trowell also believes PPB has a strong competitive moat, with the combination of manufacturing both the hardware and consumable reagents. Patents form one layer, but he does not consider legal protection sufficient on its own. A competitor would need expertise in protein engineering, reagent production, optical hardware, software and dairy processing.
Calibration adds another barrier. For each new box of reagents, PPB securely uploads the required calibration data to the customer’s machine. A third party could not simply manufacture a cartridge with the same dimensions and expect it to work correctly.
“We own the whole stack,” Trowell said, referring to everything from the sensing molecule to the hardware, software and cloud platform.
That said, he accepts that no technology is impossible to copy. His view is that PPB’s mix of scientific knowledge, integrated system and experience in dairy gives it enough of a head start to build a meaningful position before competitors catch up.
The technology could eventually reach beyond food. Trowell sees possible uses in environmental testing, veterinary care and medical diagnostics, including the analysis of blood, serum or saliva. PPB has already discussed potential applications with organisations outside the food industry.
For now, however, moving directly into clinical diagnostics would create more risk than opportunity. Medical products can require years of trials, extensive regulatory work and large development budgets. PPB would also need to build new sales channels and choose between many possible clinical uses without knowing which one would attract the strongest demand.
For these reasons, food testing offers PPB a clearer path. The regulatory barriers are generally lower, customers have immediate operational problems, and PPB has already built relationships in dairy. Once the platform has proved itself commercially, the company could enter other sectors through partnerships or licensing.
Trowell has held that view for years. The immediate goal is to build a successful food testing company rather than chase the prestige often attached to medical biotechnology.
The opportunity may also expand as food production becomes more complex. Dairy factories increasingly process oat, soy and other alternatives on equipment that also handles cow’s milk. This creates cross-contamination and allergen risks, offering another potential use for CYBERTONGUE®.
PPB still has plenty to prove. It must secure repeat reagent orders, convert early trials into wider deployments and expand its test catalogue without compromising accuracy. Scaling an integrated biotech hardware business across international markets will not be simple.
Still, its approach offers a useful lesson for other deep-tech startups. Instead of beginning with every possible application, PPB picked a specific problem that costs customers money today. It built a product around that pain point, then used the same technology as the foundation for a broader platform.
As Trowell put it, customers “need it fast, and they need it right.” CYBERTONGUE® is betting that food testing can deliver both.
Keep Reading
The Hong Kong startup combines 3D-printed reef tiles, biodiversity monitoring and long-term data to help companies manage their impact on marine ecosystems.
Updated
August 10, 2026 5:56 PM
Young corals growing on Archireef's 3D-printed terracotta reef tiles beneath the sea. IMAGE: ARCHIREFF
Anyone who has snorkeled over a coral reef has probably admired its vibrant colours and the marine life swimming between its branches. What is less visible is how easily these ecosystems can be damaged. Rising ocean temperatures and pollution continue to put reefs under pressure, while coastal development creates another threat. Construction can stir up sediment that settles on corals, blocking the sunlight they need and making it harder for damaged reefs to recover.
Protecting marine ecosystems is becoming a shared responsibility. Alongside scientists, governments and conservation groups, businesses whose operations affect the ocean are increasingly expected to understand, manage and reduce their environmental impact. They must also show regulators, banks and investors that they are meeting their environmental commitments.
Archireef helps businesses meet those demands. Founded by Vriko Yu, the Hong Kong-rooted B2B startup specializes in marine ecosystem restoration and ocean nature risk management. Drawing on years of research at the University of Hong Kong, Yu built the company to help organisations understand, measure and reduce their impact on marine ecosystems.
Yu describes Archireef as an “end-to-end ocean nature risk management company”.
“What we offer them is a credible way to meet those obligations and stand behind the results,” she says.
One of the company’s main tools for restoring damaged marine ecosystems is its flagship 3D-printed terracotta reef tile. The tiles provide a stable foundation where young corals can attach, grow and survive over time.
Archireef chose terracotta instead of concrete and other conventional materials because it is pH-neutral and does not release harmful chemicals into the water. Its surface also gives corals a suitable place to attach naturally.
Before placing a single tile in the ocean, the team studies the proposed restoration site to determine whether recovery is possible. It assesses the water quality, biodiversity and general health of the ecosystem. As Yu explains, restoration should begin only where nature has a realistic chance to recover.
“Restoration isn’t about replacing nature or engineering a reef into existence. It is about removing the barriers and giving a degraded system the conditions it needs to begin recovering on its own”, she says.
Once the team selects a site, divers carefully place the tiles on the seabed. Their curves, ridges and crevices imitate the structure of a natural coral reef, creating sheltered spaces for marine species. The design also helps limit sediment build-up, which can block sunlight and smother young corals.
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Archireef adjusts the shape of its reef tiles for each project.
“There’s no universal reef, so there’s no universal tile”, Yu says.
Instead of producing one standard model, the company adapts each design to the coral species, water conditions and surrounding marine environment. A coral restoration project in Hong Kong may therefore require a different tile from one in Saudi Arabia, even when the same manufacturing process is used.
“The biggest adaptation from site to site is usually the match between design, species and environment, not the manufacturing itself ”, Yu explains.
Although the reef tile is Archireef’s most recognizable innovation, Yu sees it as one part of a much broader service.
“The reef tile gets the attention because it’s tangible,” she says. “But the real product is the proof — defensible, audit-ready evidence of nature recovery that an organization can put in a disclosure and stand behind under scrutiny”.
Producing that evidence requires years of biodiversity monitoring. Long after the reef tiles have been installed, Archireef continues to track coral survival and the health of the surrounding marine ecosystem. Its monitoring methods include ecological surveys, AI-assisted species recognition, photogrammetry and environmental DNA testing.
Photogrammetry uses photographs to produce detailed 3D models of the reef. These models allow the team to measure changes in coral growth and reef structure over time.
Environmental DNA, commonly known as eDNA, offers another way to monitor marine biodiversity. Traditional ecological surveys often depend on divers recording the species they can see. eDNA testing instead examines traces of genetic material left in the water by marine organisms, including skin cells, mucus and waste.
By analyzing these traces, Archireef can detect species that may be hidden, difficult to identify or absent during a dive. This gives the company a more complete picture of the ecosystem and how it is changing.
For Archireef, the success of a coral reef restoration project is determined by what happens several years after installation.
“The indicators that matter aren’t the ones that look good on deployment day”, Yu says. “They’re the ones that show, two, three and five years on, whether a genuine ecosystem is establishing and sustaining itself”.
At the company’s first restoration site in Hoi Ha Wan, Hong Kong, around 90% of the transplanted corals remained alive four years after deployment. The long-term survival rate suggests that the ecosystem is recovering rather than simply appearing healthy during the early stages of the project.
Results like these have helped Archireef move beyond academic research and secure collaborations across the public and private sectors. In Hong Kong, the company has worked with government departments and public organisations responsible for coastal infrastructure and marine conservation.