Can innovation truly deliver affordable housing to those who need it most?
Updated
January 8, 2026 6:35 PM
Close up of a 3D printer nozzle pouring concrete. PHOTO: ICON
The affordable housing crisis has become one of the most pressing challenges of our time. Across the globe, millions of people are struggling to secure a roof over their heads. In cities like San Francisco, housing prices are so high that even middle-income families find themselves shut out of the market.
The root of this crisis lies in a persistent imbalance: the supply of housing has failed to keep pace with growing demand. Factors such as high construction costs, bureaucratic hurdles, and limited available land in urban areas have made it increasingly difficult to build enough homes quickly and affordably. The result is a market where housing remains inaccessible to millions, even as the need becomes more urgent.
Technology is now stepping in to address these challenges in ways that were unimaginable just a decade ago. From streamlining construction processes to introducing new financing models and data-driven tools, tech innovations are rethinking how homes are built, financed, and accessed. But while these advancements offer hope, they also raise important questions: can they truly address the root causes of the housing crisis, or are they simply patching up a fractured system?
The housing crisis begins with supply shortage: we simply aren’t building enough homes. Traditional construction methods are expensive, slow, and reliant on labor that is increasingly hard to find. This is where technology is making its most significant impact. Startups likeICON and Veev are leading the charge, using cutting-edge solutions to make housing more efficient and affordable.
ICON, for instance, uses 3D printing to build homes faster and at a lower cost. By printing the structure of a house directly on-site, ICON reduces waste, labor requirements, and construction time. Entire neighborhoods of 3D-printed homes are already being built, showcasing how this technology can scale.
Veev, on the other hand, focuses on prefabricated construction. By manufacturing high-quality components like walls and steel frames in a controlled factory environment, Veev eliminates inefficiencies associated with on-site building. These components are then assembled on location, drastically reducing construction time and costs. This approach mirrors the principles of mass production seen in industries like automotive manufacturing, where efficiency and scalability are key.
While building more homes is essential, access to housing often depend son financing. For many people, especially those with low or irregular incomes, the traditional mortgage system presents insurmountable barriers. Fintech innovations are stepping in to make housing financing more inclusive and flexible.
Access to affordable housing often hinges on financing, and innovative financial technology (fintech) solutions are beginning to change the landscape. Some platforms are offering new ways for individuals to transition from renting to owning, while others are introducing shared equity models that reduce the traditional barriers of large down payments and strict credit requirements. For example, companies like Point use shared-equity financing, where homeowners receive funds in exchange for a percentage of their home’s future value instead of taking on traditional debt. Meanwhile, startups are building tools that automate and simplify and revolutionizing the mortgage process, making it easier for underserved populations to access loans tailored to their needs.
Blockchain technology is also changing the game. By digitizing land titles and creating secure records of financial transactions, blockchain reduces the complexity and difficulty of accessing credit, especially for those with limited traditional credit. This is particularly impactful in regions where informal economies dominate and traditional proof of income is scarce. These tools create a pathway to homeownership for individuals who would otherwise be excluded from the system.
Beyond building and financing, technology is transforming how we understand and address housing needs. Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing risk assessment in the mortgage industry by analyzing a broader range of financial behaviors, such as rent and utility payments, to provide a more inclusive picture of creditworthiness.
At the same time, AI and big data are helping policymakers and developers make smarter decisions about where and how to build. By analyzing population trends, commuting patterns, and infrastructure needs, these tools ensure that new housing developments are built in the right places, reducing wasteful construction and improving urban planning.
For example, startups are using 3D scanning and machine learning to map informal settlements and identify buildings at risk of collapse. These insights not only improve safety but also guide investment toward areas where housing is most desperately needed.
The housing crisis is one of the most complex challenges of our time, and technology alone cannot solve it. But it can provide powerful tools to address specific pain points, from streamlining construction to expanding access to financing. Startups like ICON, Veev, and Landis are proving that innovation can lower costs, improve efficiency, and make housing more inclusive.
However, the ultimate solution lies in a combination of technology, policy reform, and community engagement. Governments must work alongside tech innovators to create urban environments that prioritize affordability, sustainability, and accessibility.
The future of housing isn’t just about building more homes; it’s about building smarter, greener, and fairer cities where everyone has a place to call home. By integrating cutting-edge technologies with forward-thinking policies, we can move closer to a world where affordable housing is not an aspiration but a reality.
The question is no longer whether technology can solve the housing crisis—it’s how we will use it wisely to create lasting change.
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The Canberra biotech startup is helping processors detect spoilage risks before milk reaches the shelf.
Updated
August 13, 2026 1:01 AM
CYBERTONGUE® Food Testing System, developed by PPB Technology. IMAGE: PPB Technology
Anyone who has opened a carton of milk before its expiry date only to find that it smells off or tastes bitter has experienced the problem firsthand. For dairy processors, the same issue can play out across thousands of litres. Milk may pass routine quality checks, make it through production and still spoil before reaching the end of its expected shelf life.
CYBERTONGUE®, a biosensing platform, is designed to give dairy processors an earlier warning.
Developed by Canberra-based biotech startup PPB Technology, the compact food testing system allows processors to analyse milk on-site and receive results within minutes. Its first commercial application detects protease, an enzyme linked to spoilage, shorter shelf life and production losses across dairy products.
Dairy companies already test milk for fat, protein, bacteria, antibiotics and other indicators. Samples from individual farms may be sent to central laboratories, while tanker loads are tested again when they reach processing plants. These checks provide useful information, but they do not always show whether milk will remain stable in a UHT carton, meet a supermarket’s shelf-life requirements or produce the expected amount of cheese.
Even after heat treatment, protease can continue affecting milk. For processors making UHT milk, fresh milk or mature cheese, that creates a costly blind spot.
“Right now, dairy processors are working blind on this,” PPB Technology founder Stephen Trowell told Ventureport. “It’s becoming more of a problem as customers expect longer shelf lives and higher quality.”
CYBERTONGUE® uses engineered biosensing proteins that emit blue and green light. The balance between the two colours changes when the protein reacts with a target substance. The reader measures that shift and calculates how much of the target is present.
Trowell describes himself as a protein engineer at heart. He spent around three decades at CSIRO, Australia's national science and technology agency, and close to four decades in research before becoming a startup founder. The technology behind CYBERTONGUE® grew out of years of biological research, including earlier experiments involving wine aromas and explosives detection.
PPB initially developed its technology to measure plasmin, an enzyme derived from cows. After feedback from the dairy industry, the company shifted its focus to bacterial proteases, which were identified as a more pressing spoilage problem. The platform can make some existing tests faster, but PPB chose to focus first on a measurement previously unavailable to processors.
“Where we’ve chosen to lead is with a measurement nobody else can do at all,” he said. “The blue ocean, if you like.”
That focused entry point shapes PPB’s wider strategy. CYBERTONGUE® could eventually test for lactose, allergens, microbial toxins and other targets. Yet launching everything at once would stretch a six-person company too far. Protease gives it a clear route into dairy, where the financial value is easier to demonstrate.
A processor that detects high protease activity may redirect a batch of milk away from long-life products and use it for yoghurt, curd or another product where the enzyme causes less damage. PPB also says its tests can help trace problems in the milk supply and detect biofilms on processing equipment, allowing factories to take corrective cleaning measures.
Fresh milk presents another sizeable opportunity, with the global market estimated at around US$81 billion in 2026 and projected to grow at 6.83% annually through 2035. At that scale, even small gains in shelf-life consistency could prevent substantial losses. Supermarkets often require milk to have a minimum amount of shelf life remaining on delivery. Products that fall short may be rejected, discounted or discarded at the processor’s expense. While Australian processors typically aim for a shelf life of 19 to 21 days, they do not always achieve it. CYBERTONGUE® could help them reach that target more consistently.
Cheese producers face a related issue. Protease can create bitter flavours in hard cheeses and reduce production yield. Cheesemakers add another enzyme, chymosin, during production, often without knowing how much protease activity is already present in the milk. Better information could help them adjust the process and get more value from the same raw material.
PPB sells the reader as laboratory equipment, but its long-term business model centres on repeat testing. Customers buy the machine, then purchase a PPB reagent cartridge each time they run an assay. Future tests are intended to work on the same reader, making the system more useful as the catalogue expands.
CYBERTONGUE®’s compact design reflects PPB’s focus on practical onsite testing. The device is small enough to fit into two cupped hands and comes with a tablet running PPB’s software.
At the time of the interview, 13 to 15 systems had been installed with paying customers. PPB had made sales in 11 countries across five continents, with Europe as its largest market.
Trowell describes PPB as “born global”. While Australia and New Zealand have sophisticated dairy industries, Trowell thinks CYBERTONGUE® may offer even more value in regions where milk quality is less consistent, transport routes are longer or refrigeration is harder to maintain.
Trowell also believes PPB has a strong competitive moat, with the combination of manufacturing both the hardware and consumable reagents. Patents form one layer, but he does not consider legal protection sufficient on its own. A competitor would need expertise in protein engineering, reagent production, optical hardware, software and dairy processing.
Calibration adds another barrier. For each new box of reagents, PPB securely uploads the required calibration data to the customer’s machine. A third party could not simply manufacture a cartridge with the same dimensions and expect it to work correctly.
“We own the whole stack,” Trowell said, referring to everything from the sensing molecule to the hardware, software and cloud platform.
That said, he accepts that no technology is impossible to copy. His view is that PPB’s mix of scientific knowledge, integrated system and experience in dairy gives it enough of a head start to build a meaningful position before competitors catch up.
The technology could eventually reach beyond food. Trowell sees possible uses in environmental testing, veterinary care and medical diagnostics, including the analysis of blood, serum or saliva. PPB has already discussed potential applications with organisations outside the food industry.
For now, however, moving directly into clinical diagnostics would create more risk than opportunity. Medical products can require years of trials, extensive regulatory work and large development budgets. PPB would also need to build new sales channels and choose between many possible clinical uses without knowing which one would attract the strongest demand.
For these reasons, food testing offers PPB a clearer path. The regulatory barriers are generally lower, customers have immediate operational problems, and PPB has already built relationships in dairy. Once the platform has proved itself commercially, the company could enter other sectors through partnerships or licensing.
Trowell has held that view for years. The immediate goal is to build a successful food testing company rather than chase the prestige often attached to medical biotechnology.
The opportunity may also expand as food production becomes more complex. Dairy factories increasingly process oat, soy and other alternatives on equipment that also handles cow’s milk. This creates cross-contamination and allergen risks, offering another potential use for CYBERTONGUE®.
PPB still has plenty to prove. It must secure repeat reagent orders, convert early trials into wider deployments and expand its test catalogue without compromising accuracy. Scaling an integrated biotech hardware business across international markets will not be simple.
Still, its approach offers a useful lesson for other deep-tech startups. Instead of beginning with every possible application, PPB picked a specific problem that costs customers money today. It built a product around that pain point, then used the same technology as the foundation for a broader platform.
As Trowell put it, customers “need it fast, and they need it right.” CYBERTONGUE® is betting that food testing can deliver both.